應您老人家的要求,以嘉惠對寫作有興趣的學弟妹,俺特別花沒有飛的空檔(剛好這幾天沒有班,才有此榮幸為您效勞),挑燈夜戰地完成一篇作文的指南,並概略地將之說明一番,旋之交付予您。因無法以回應的方式在您的網誌下鍵入以下這小小的一篇,所以俺就將它放在我的網誌裡供您和學弟妹留灠與引用!
此外,為了不去侵犯別人的智慧財產權,同時突顯對您的誠意,俺硬生出了下方簡單的例文,煩請參閱並給予意見~~~
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英文寫作要領
English Writing Guideline
所謂有好的開始就是成功的一半。雖然寫一篇好的作文,其要素包含不少,例如:文法結構與句子要通順和單字片語要運用得等,但若你在前述兩項都不甚強的情況下想在作文的考試上拿下基本分數以贏得先驅,那麼你最好試著去符合其格式來寫,因為很多時侯一篇作文的格式是否得體決定了此作文的優與劣,其次才輪到內容的部份。
英文寫作其實分成很多種,有日記式作文、故事及小說式的作文、論文式作文、報導式作文等不同的寫作模式。前兩種類型的作文沒有特定格式,隨性發展,但後兩種則有嚴格的格式規定,而我們一般學術上和考試上所採用的寫作格式則屬後者。
以下我就論文式作文的寫作方式做概略性的說明。為什麼只要介紹此種寫作的風格呢?因為不論是考試或者是針對學校的寫作作業,此種格式都通用,而且對於整篇作文來說,文章要旨可以表現得清楚明瞭,同時如果好好follow,不但可符合好作文的規格要求,且容易在大小考試裡拿高分喔!
英文作文內容一般分為「三部份」,即:開頭(Introduction)、內文(Body)、結論(Conclusion),就和我們小學學的一樣。
開頭通常一段就好,點出作文的主軸,而此段(很多時侯是在最後一、兩句)則包含了底下內文所要進一步發展的「作文主軸(Main Theme)」句。
內文可以包含好幾段(一般來說最好是三段以上,為求省時省力,通常在考試時寫個三段就夠了),而每一段的第一句通常是這一整段的重點,稱之為「主題句 (Topic Sentence)」。這一段的其它內容則是「發展句(developing sentences)或支撐句(supporting sentences)」,支撐主題句的說法,根據主題句做深入的發展,詳細地描述主題句。
結論則不可以草草了之,要與前相乎應;寫法可重述本文重點,然後做最終的有意義性的評論。
以下以一例加以說明之~~ Living a healthy life is very important to us. There are a number of benefits we may gain from it. With a healthy lifestyle, not only can we always be in a good shape, but we may have a great concentration and vigor to deal with all kinds of tasks we are undertaking. In order to live healthfully, three rules are essential and highly suggested to be abided by in our daily lives.
題目: How to Live A Healthy Life?
To begin with, we should try to make it a rule to exercise every day. Since exercises help a great deal in our internal circulation and metabolism, we need to spend some time on them no matter how busy we are. According to doctors, taking an exercise for a short of time daily works better to our health than taking it for hours in an irregular basis.
Secondly, we ought to have a balanced diet. A balanced diet may lead to a better absorption of nutrition. Therefore, it is not a good idea to be picky about food.
Last but not least, we shall think positively. A positive thinking is key to enable us to have confidence and passion to work on whatever we are interested in. When we think in a positive way instead of viewing things negatively, everything will seem to be going smoothly with us.
A healthy lifestyle may contribute a lot to our bodily as well as to our socially respects. It may not be too difficult to acquire as long as we are able to practically carry out the above-mentioned rules. While living healthfully, we will find our lives different and a lot better than anyone else’s.
針對此例,為您做了以下的解析~~
注意一,一旦你使用的主述是We或You,那麼整篇文章最好要前後一致喔。在本文裡所使用的是We,所以一律以We為出發點論事。
注意二,為了讓您方文章更有可看性,可信度更高,可以適時地加入一些名人的話語、報導、成語...等,如此寫出來的東西比較有料,而且也是拿高分的要領之一。像前面言篇文章,為了提升我所提出論點的可信度,我會加入According to the doctor~ 或It is reported that ~~ 或者誰emphasize that~~等(如果可以正確地指名道姓和提出相關的數據更好;比如:「As a good saying goes, “once bitten twice shy”. Most of the people who have had traumatic experiences tend to be very fearful of the related events to be happening again. 有句諺說得好,一朝被蛇咬,十年怕草蛇。大部份有過身心創傷經驗的人會對非常擔心相同的事件再度發生。」、「Three years a go, some scientists in England found out that 7 out of 10 girls with male names are more likely to study the subjects generally more interested to males. 三年前,英國的科學家發現,十個名子男性化的女子中,有七個會選修一般男性較感性趣的科目。」
除了上述的格式重點外,活用一些轉折字(Transition Words)也是寫好作文的重點所在。比如說,如果內文有許多要點,試著用Firstly (First, To begin with, First of all…)、secondly、Next…等字眼,讀起來比較層次分明,較有組織感。雖然這些轉折字不是必要的,有時一昧地用會顯得有點八股,但對於作文能力較弱的學生,採用此規則不軋為一項可拿下基本分的要素。其它的轉折語包含內文中的However, Therefore, Moreover, In addition…等也是不容乎視的,因為詳細述之要不少時間和篇幅,不過其實不難,所以同學可以自己找資料了解。
這樣大家都了解一篇好的作文的寫作方式及要點了嗎?其實這只是個基本的概念,雖然還有不少如何寫好一篇好的學術作文所必需遵守的法則,但上述的這些寫作技巧則足夠可以通用在大部份的考試與學校短篇報告的場合了。
最後祝各位同學都學業順利喔!!
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